home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- NATION, Page 19Who's in Charge Here?
-
-
-
- A supertanker fire off Texas shows how the U.S. remains
- ill-prepared for fighting oil spills
-
-
- Between Corpus Christi, Texas, and Mobile, one of the
- world's most extensive petrochemical complexes attracts the
- heaviest concentration of oil-tanker traffic off any U.S.
- coast. The Exxon Valdez disaster, which dumped 11 million gal.
- of crude oil into Alaskan waters in March 1989 should have
- jolted the U.S. -- and the Gulf States in particular -- into
- preparations for coping with such devastating spills. Just how
- dismally they have failed was demonstrated last week when fires
- and explosions wracked the 886-ft. Mega Borg for seven days,
- 60 miles off Galveston. For a time the convulsions threatened
- to disgorge 38 million gal. of oil toward the Texas coast.
-
- The first blast erupted in the pump room near the stern of
- the Norwegian-registered Mega Borg during the routine but
- dangerous process of lightering, transferring oil to smaller
- ships. The fires spread and set off more explosions, spewing
- burning oil and geysers of dense black smoke. With its stern
- slowly dropping as it filled with leaking oil, the Mega Borg
- seemed likely to sink, a calamity that might have released its
- entire cargo; if so, the prevailing currents would apparently
- have carried the spilled oil toward one of the nation's
- largest estuary systems, including a vast wildfowl refuge.
-
- Incredibly, emergency crews were not able to attack the
- flames promptly with anything more effective than seawater. The
- Norwegian owners of the stricken tanker had hired a
- Rotterdam-based salvage firm to deal with the accident.
- Nozzles, hoses and pumps for fire-fighting-foam equipment had
- to be air shipped from the Netherlands. This took two days.
- Some oil-containment equipment was flown from London. Experts
- and other gear came from Alaska and Seattle. Mexico was asked
- to send a huge oil-gobbling skimmer. And while the Rotterdam
- firm hired Texas boats and seamen to help out, a French
- company, which owned the oil cargo, recruited cleanup crews in
- Louisiana. With considerable understatement, Linda Maraniss,
- regional director of the Center for Marine Conservation,
- observed, "There was a general confusion about where the
- equipment was and who was in charge."
-
- Fortunately, the light oil carried by the Mega Borg
- disperses and evaporates more readily than heavy crude. Of the
- 4 million gal. that escaped, much burned off in surface fires.
- By week's end the vessel was under control, although one tank
- was still leaking. The 30-mile-long slick seemed likely to
- inflict some -- but not major -- damage ashore. It had been a
- close call.
-
- But why was there such confusion when the oil companies and
- the public had been given a spectacular warning in Alaska? Once
- again Congress has delayed, and the Bush Administration has
- applied no pressure to speed up legislation that might
- alleviate an urgent problem.
-
- Both the House and Senate passed bills last year that would
- create strike forces in each of the nation's ten Coast Guard
- districts to be poised for quick responses to oil spills. The
- legislation would also require tanker owners to plan for a
- worst possible spill. The Coast Guard would no longer simply
- stand by but take immediate charge of all serious tanker
- accidents in U.S. waters. New tankers would have to have double
- hulls (the Coast Guard estimates the Valdez would have lost 60%
- less oil if it had been constructed this way). But a conference
- committee working out differences in the House and Senate
- versions of the law has met only once.
-
- The procrastination apparently is due to strong resistance
- from the shipping and oil industries. One objection involves
- the timetable for putting double hulls on current tankers. The
- main obstacle concerns limits on the liability of tanker
- owners. The shippers want the U.S. to approve international
- standards adopted since 1984 by most European nations. These
- protocols would cap a company's cleanup costs at $78 million
- (Exxon says it has already spent $2 billion on its Valdez
- fiasco) and prevent nations from imposing more; yet the
- congressional bills would set higher liability limits in the
- U.S. and let the states go beyond the federal standards, as
- Alaska currently does. Says Alaska Governor Steve Cowper about
- the impact of the international rules: "The spiller gets off
- easy, the lawyers get rich, and you [the states] are left
- holding the bag."
-
- While Congress endlessly ponders the industry arguments, all
- parties dealing with tanker accidents have an excuse for doing
- very little. Meanwhile, oil keeps gushing into U.S. coastal
- waters. Even as the Gulf fire blazed, busy New York harbor
- suffered its third major oil spill of the year. There have been
- approximately 250 lesser ones. Total spillage around New York:
- more than 1 million gal.
-
-
- By Ed Magnuson. Reported by Glenn Garelik/Washington and Richard
- Woodbury/Galveston.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-